Structure of the knee joint
The knee joint is the largest joint in the human body. It consists of two individual articulations: The patellofemoral joint located between the thighbone and kneecap, and the tibiofemoral joint located between the thighbone and tibial head.
The thighbone (femur), shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) form the bony elements of this articulation.
In the knee joint, the femur moves against the tibia. The joint surfaces at the bone ends are covered with cartilage which, in the healthy state, allows the bones to move gently against each other.
A complex arrangement of ligaments and stable muscles are responsible for accurate guidance of the knee joint. An inner and an outer lateral ligament, as well as a front and rear cruciate ligament stabilize the knee.
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